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Government electronic and mobile services (GEMS-2022) maturity index
GEMS indicator aims to measure the maturity of government services provided through e-portals and mobile applications in the Arab region. It is a tool that enables decision and policy makers to monitor the digital transformation programs, and it seeks to bridge the gap in most of the international indicators, related to service maturity, its use, user satisfaction, and public outreach.
To this end, 84 government services have been identified, and it is necessary for each country to deliver them electronically for individuals and businesses. The principle of life cycle has been adopted in service selection; any individual needs these services at different stages of life, and each company requires them since its establishment to its close. These services are updated annually in line with the evolving needs of individuals and institutions.
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COVID-19 and its impacts on Arab economic integration
The present paper explores the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Arab region’s global and regional economic integration. In terms of output, oil exporters faced a double whammy of lower domestic demand and supply shocks along with lower oil prices and exports, while tourism-dependent countries took a severe hit. The Middle East’s decline in international and regional trade was sharpest across all regions, and the decline in services trade was even harsher. With respect to labour, there was evidence of reverse migration alongside resilient remittances, but the recovery will be long for those in the informal sector, especially women and young people. Overall, the Global Cooperation Council (GCC) countries seem to be the main drivers of greater regional (and indirectly of greater global) economic integration, and Mashreq countries are becoming increasingly integrated with the GCC.
To enhance regional integration in a post-pandemic world, the Arab region needs to rethink its trade and investment policies (agreements with key partners in the GCC and Asia, reduce restrictions related to trade in services, strengthen links to the global value chain, and invest in digital trade), while allowing for greater mobility of labour and enhancing financial (and capital market) linkages. Moreover, policy coordination is paramount to address some of the common challenges facing the region, including mitigating the risks of climate change and food security.
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